What is the cause of tinnitus and deafness?

According to the 2013 report of the World Health Organization, there are 360 ​​million hearing-impaired people in the world, accounting for 5.3% of the total global population. my country has the largest number of hearing-impaired people in the world, with 27.8 million hearing-impaired people, including about 137,000 hearing-impaired children aged 0-6 years old, and 20,000-30,000 hearing-impaired children are born every year.

What is the cause of tinnitus and deafness?
Tinnitus refers to the patient’s conscious hearing of ringing in the ears, such as the sound of cicadas, roaring sounds, or the sound of tides. Deafness refers to varying degrees of hearing loss or even disappearance. Tinnitus can be accompanied by deafness, and deafness can also develop from tinnitus.

The influencing factors of nerve deafness and tinnitus are very complex, and it is currently one of the culprits causing hearing loss in patients. The affected people may range from children to the elderly, especially children. The harm is greater, not only affecting children's language development, but also severely restricting their education and life. Therefore, neurological deafness and tinnitus are worthy of attention.

Tinnitus and deafness can be regarded as a common clinical symptom. They are common in the accompanying processes of various diseases in various departments, and can also become an otological disease alone.

The main causes of tinnitus:

Excessive fatigue and lack of sleep, tinnitus caused by ear diseases, other systemic diseases, ototoxic drugs such as " Tinnitus occurs due to gentamicin, streptomycin or kanamycin. The causes of deafness are complex and include congenital and acquired factors. Deafness can be divided into four categories according to the location and nature of the disease: conductive deafness, sensorineural deafness, mixed deafness and central deafness.

Causes of conductive hearing loss:
(1) Congenital malformations, including malformations of the outer ear and middle ear, such as congenital atresia of the external auditory canal or development of the tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlear window, and vestibular window Not congruent.
(2) Acquired obstruction of the external auditory canal, such as cerumen embolism, bone warts, foreign bodies, tumors, inflammation, etc. Purulent or non-purulent inflammation of the middle ear causes obstruction of the sound transmission mechanism of the middle ear, or ear trauma causes damage to the ossicular chain, benign or malignant tumors of the middle ear, or otosclerosis, etc.

Causes of sensorineural deafness:
(1) Caused by underdevelopment of the auditory nerve in the inner ear, viral infection during pregnancy, taking ototoxic drugs, or injuries during childbirth, etc.
(2) Various acute infectious diseases, bacterial or viral infections, such as Japanese encephalitis, mumps, purulent meningitis, measles, scarlet fever, influenza, and herpes zoster , typhoid fever, etc. can damage the inner ear and cause sensorineural deafness of varying severity.
(3) Drug poisoning and deafness.

The cause of mixed deafness:
There are lesions in both the sound transmission and sensor structures. Such as long-term chronic suppurative otitis media, advanced otosclerosis, etc.

Causes of central deafness: The lesions of central deafness are located in the brainstem and brain, involving the cochlear nerve nucleus and its central conduction pathway, and the auditory cortex center, leading to central deafness.

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